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Getting Started

• Introduction
• Download
  • .zip file
  • .tar.gz and .tar.bz2 files
  • Boost CVS Repository
• Preparation
  • Configuring the tools
  • Supported Toolsets
• Build and Install
• Results
• Automatic Linking on Windows
• Additional Steps

Introduction

These instructions are intended to help you get started using the Boost Libraries. This walks you through getting, building, and installing the libraries. To summarize these are the steps to get Boost built and installed:

1. Download Boost.
2. Install Boost.Jam.
3. Configure your compiler toolset.
4. Go to Boost distribution directory.
5. Build and install.

Download

The Boost release includes all of the libraries and other material from the web site. It is available in ZIP, TAR.GZ, and TAR.BZ2 formats. Past releases are also available.

.zip file

Text file line endings in the .zip file are as supplied by each library developer.  This works fine for Windows, but not for Unix/Linux.  The .tar.gz and .tar.bz2 files supply Unix/Linux friendly line endings.

.tar.gz and .tar.bz2 files

The .tar.gz format is widely supported on Unix/Linux platforms. Some Windows compress/archive utilities can read the format as well.  Because the gzip format compresses the archive as a single file rather than compressing each file individually, the .tar.gz file is smaller that the .zip file.

The .tar.bz2 format is becoming widely available on Unix/Linux platforms and is built into many tar utilities. This format differs for the .tar.gz format in the compression used, which is considerably better and therefore creates smaller files.

Text file line endings in the .tar.gz and .tar.bz2 files have been converted to newlines for ease of use on Unix/Linux platforms.

Boost CVS Repository

All Boost files, including the entire distribution tree including web site HTML is maintained in a CVS repository. Command line, GUI, or browser access is available.

Boost CVS access via command line or graphical clients

See the much improved CVS documentation (Section F) from SourceForge, which includes links to the home pages for various GUI and command line clients.

The general procedure for command-line clients is something like this:

cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/boost login
[Hit <return> when it asks for a password]
cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/boost checkout boost
cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/boost logout

This access is read-only; if you are a library author and wish to have CVS write access, please contact one of the moderators.

Boost CVS access via web Browser

Documentation generated from BoostBook in CVS

Some of the Boost documentation is generated from BoostBook XML source stored in the CVS repository, and will not appear directly in the CVS tree as readable HTML. View a nightly build of the generated HTML on the Nightly Generated Documentation page. Where generated HTML is missing from the CVS tree, an attempt has been made to include redirection to this nightly build, but if you are away from an internet connection you may want to download the generated documentation archive from the aforementioned page so you can browse those documents offline.

Preparation

The recommended way to build and install the Boost Libraries is to use Boost.Build, the Boost Build system. The rest of these instructions explain that use, but it is up to you to use this method, or not. Note that some of the libraries also include non Boost.Build makefiles and/or project files. But all include the needed files for building with Boost.Build.

Configuring the tools

Before using Boost.Build you will need to configure the compiler tools you are using. The build system's toolsets are designed to work in either of two ways:

1. The user sets up all of the environment for each toolset he wants to use in the normal way. For example, for Microsoft VC++, ...VC98/Bin or .../VC7/Bin is in the PATH environment variable, VCVARS32.BAT or VSVARS32.BAT has been invoked, etc. For Metrowerks CodeWarrior, cwenv.bat or equivalent has been called and ...Other Metrowerks Tools/Command Line Tools is in the path. Many Unix operating systems come preconfigured this way and require no user intervention.
   
   
2. The user doesn't want his environment cluttered with settings or has nonstandard installations for some of his tools. Instead, he or she sets variables which point to the toolset installation directories, either in the command shell environment or on the bjam command-line. These variables are used by the build system to locate the tools and invoke the necessary setup. To set the variables on the bjam command-line you use the "-s" option. For example:
   
   bjam "-sGCC_ROOT_DIRECTORY=/usr/local/gcc-3.3.2"
   
   Some variables, like the toolset TOOLS variable, can accept multiple values separated by spaces. Others, like the path above, can contain spaces. For such circumstances you should use quotes appropriate for your command interpreter.
   

Supported Toolsets

Build and Install

The common build and install process is driven by the top-level build file (Jamfile).

The default build and install attempts to build all available libraries and install to default locations the libraries and Boost header files. On Unix systems the default install location is "/usr/local", and on Windows systems the default is "C:\Boost". Within those directories libraries are installed to the "lib" subdirectory, and headers to an "include/boost-1_31" subdirectory, the version will reflect the distribution you are installing.

The build and install system can be controlled through a set of options similar in style to GNU configure options. The options allow you to, among other things, change the install location, disable building of libraries, etc. You can see a summary of the available options by invoking "bjam --help". The full invocation takes the form:

bjam [options...] [install|stage]

There are additional options as supported by Boost.Build and Boost.Jam. Of the additional options perhaps the most imporant is "-sBUILD=<features/variants>" which lets you override what is built by default. The "<features/variants>" value is a list, separated by spaces, of build requests. Features take the form of a tag and a value or values. And variants are single symbolic names for a collection of features. For example the default is to request "debug release <runtime-link>static/dynamic <threading>single/multi", in which "debug" and "release" are variants, and the rest features with two values each.

If you have some feedback about the build and install process please drop us a line at the Boost.Build mailing list. We are particularly interested if it works for your platform and if it there is anything that you feel could be done better.

Results

The results of building come in to forms: static libraries, and dynamic libraries. Depending on the platform the libraries produced have different names to accommodate the platform requirements. For a single Boost library the build with the default will produce eight different libraries. For example building the Boost.Datetime library on Unix type system it would produce:

1. libboost_date_time-gcc-d-1_31.so
2. libboost_date_time-gcc-mt-d-1_31.so
3. libboost_date_time-gcc-1_31.so
4. libboost_date_time-gcc-mt-1_31.so
5. libboost_date_time-gcc-d-1_31.a
6. libboost_date_time-gcc-mt-d-1_31.a
7. libboost_date_time-gcc-1_31.a
8. libboost_date_time-gcc-mt-1_31.a
   

Library Prefix

The "lib" prefix on the libraries is a requirement on many platforms, like Unix, and on others like GCC running on Windows. The prefix is therefore added to all libraries on Unix type systems, and to static libraries on Windows. That is on Unix shared libraries and static libraries (object archives) are named respectively:

• lib*.so
• lib*.a

On Windows shared libraries do not have the prefix to differentiate the import libraries from static libraries. Consequently on Windows the libraries are named:

*.dll	Dynamic library version.
*.lib	Import library for the dll.
lib*.lib	Static library version.

Library Name

For Boost libraries the name has the "boost_" prefix to separate them from other libraries in your system.

Toolset

The toolset name is an abbreviation based on the compiler you are building with. The abbreviation is composed of a short, 2 to 4 characters, tag for the compiler and a version number of the compiler's major and minor revision (if available). For example if your toolset is "gcc-3_2_3" the toolset tag would be "gcc32". The toolset abbreviations used are as follows:

Threading

This tag indicates if the library is compiled with threading support. If threading is enabled "-mt" is added, otherwise nothing is added.

Runtime

This specifies the type of runtime the library was compiled against, and the type of code that is compiled. More commonly this encodes the ABI variation used in the code. For each feature of the runtime system and code compilation option a single letter is added to this tag.

For example if you compile debug code for STLport using native IO streams, and statically link to the debug runtime the tag would be: "-sgdpn".

Boost Version

This is the short label for the version of the Boost Libraries. The major and minor version numbers are taken together separated by an underscore. For example version 1.31.0 would be tagged as "-1_31". The patch version number is not included because it is assumed that patch versions are upward compatible.

Library Type

The extension holds the type of library. This follows the platform requirements. On Windows this is ".dll" for shared libraries, and ".lib" for static libraries including import libraries. On Unix this is ".a" for static libraries (archives), and ".so" for shared libraries. For toolsets that support it in Unix they will also have a full version extension (for example ".so.1.31.0") with a symbolic link for the un-versioned library.

Automatic Linking on Windows

For most Boost libraries that have separate source, the correct build variant is linked against automatically when you include one of that library's header files.  For this feature to work, your compiler must support the #pragma comment(lib, name) feature (Microsoft Visual C++, Intel C++, Metrowerks C++ , and Borland C++ all support this).

If you are linking to a dynamic runtime, then you can choose to link to either a static or a dynamic Boost library, the default is to do a static link.  You can alter this for a specific library whatever by defining BOOST_WHATEVER_DYN_LINK to force Boost library whatever to be linked dynamically.  Alternatively you can force all Boost libraries to dynamic link by defining BOOST_ALL_DYN_LINK.

This feature can be disabled for Boost library whatever by defining BOOST_WHATEVER_NO_LIB, or for all of Boost by defining BOOST_ALL_NO_LIB.

If you want to observe which libraries are being linked against then defining BOOST_LIB_DIAGNOSTIC will cause the auto-linking code to emit a #pragma message each time a library is selected for linking.

There are some Boost libraries (Boost.Test is one one special case), where automatic linking is not supported for technical reasons: please consult the documentation for each of the libraries you are using for more information, and the Boost.Config documentation for more information on configuration macros.  The following table shows the current supported configurations, (Boost libraries not listed here consist of headers only):

Library	Static Link	Dynamic Link	Default linkage	Automatic library selection	Comments
Date-Time	Yes	Yes	static	Yes
Filesystem	Yes	Yes	static	Yes
Graph	Yes	No	static	No	The separate Graph library source is needed only when reading an AT&T graphviz file.
Program Options	Yes	Yes	static	Yes
Python	Yes	Yes	dynamic	No	Since all Python extensions are DLL's it makes sense to dynamic link to the Boost Python library by default (static linking is only really an option if you are embedding python).
Regex	Yes	Yes	static	Yes
Serialisation	Yes	No	static	No	Automatic linking support will be introduced in a future release.
Signals	Yes	Yes	static	Yes
Test	Yes	No	static	No	Which library you link to depends upon which program entry point you define, rather than which Boost.Test features you use.
Thread	Partial	Yes	dynamic	Yes	For technical reasons static linking is supported on only one Windows compiler (Visual C++).

Additional Steps

Depending on your platform and configuration you may need to perform some additional configuration to get Boost to build and install.

• Configure the boost source code. This step should not be required on the vast majority of platforms, but if you're trying to build Boost on an untested or unsupported platform it may be necessary.
  
  
• If Boost.Build has problems detecting your Python installation it will print a short messages about how to configure for finding the Python installation. For more information, see these detailed instructions.

Revised 8 November, 2004

Copyright © Rene Rivera 2003.
Copyright © Jens Maurer 2001.
Copyright © John Maddock 2004.

Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)